Boundary & Integration
Interfacing living software with rigid external systems. The world model must interact with databases, APIs, hardware, and other systems that expect deterministic protocols.
Current Frontier
Typed boundary protocols: formal interfaces between the living system and rigid external systems.
Key Questions
How does a probabilistic, generative system interface with deterministic external systems?
Can boundary adapters be generated, or must they be hand-coded?
Key Papers
A2UI Protocol
Google (Dec 2025)
AI-to-UI protocol — JSON-based declarative interface between AI and external renderers. The boundary pattern.
Vid2World: Interactive World from Video Diffusion
May 2025
Converts pretrained video diffusion into interactive world models. THE bridge between passive and interactive systems.
NVIDIA Cosmos: World Foundation Models
NVIDIA (Jan 2025)
Foundation model platform with fine-tuning pipeline. Shows how to build boundary interfaces for domain-specific deployment.
Wayve GAIA-2: Driving World Model
Wayve (March 2025)
Domain-specific world model for autonomous driving — demonstrates rigid-system integration with sensors, maps, controls.
Current Insights
The boundary layer is where The Last Computer meets the existing world. It must speak both languages — the fluid language of intent and the rigid language of APIs.